Cause of the Difference between West and East Eating Habit

Differences between Islamic Financing Methods and Conventional Research Paper

Contrasts between Islamic Financing Methods and Conventional Financing Methods - Research Paper Example The motivation behind this investigation is to feature the contrasts between the regular financing strategies and Islamic financing techniques. The developing height of Islamic financing strategies in various pieces of the world has offered various choices to clients. It should be referenced that Islamic financing strategies are not quite the same as the ordinary financing techniques as far as intrigue and benefit components. In any case, not many individuals know about that and frequently consider Islamic financing strategies as like customary financing techniques. The investigation targets featuring the fundamental contrast between these two financing strategies alongside breaking down the general significance and importance in the monetary condition. The examination additionally features the hugeness of the investigation in the present business and social condition. There is no uncertainty that Islamic financing techniques are driven by strict lessons and lecturing while tradition al financing strategies depend on present day and reasonable components of the monetary condition like winning benefit for each venture. The exploration incorporates an exhaustive examination of contrasts among Islamic and customary financing techniques, appraisal of points of interest and inconveniences in the monetary condition and inclination of clients driven by strict issues and individual proclivity towards the financing strategies. Monetary establishments are regularly considered as the heart beat of any country and smooth activity of these foundations frequently thrives the ideal harmony between the interest and flexibly of assets. There are various banks having various styles and view of working in a specific business and social condition. Islamic free enterprise depended on Islamic standards where intrigue was denied in each sense. Islamic private enterprise can be followed path back in 8-twelfth century however this has next to no importance to this examination. The main role of this examination is to feature the contrasts between the customary financing strategies and Islamic financing techniques. The developing height of Islamic financing strategies in various pieces of the world has offered various alternatives to clients. It should be referenced that Islamic financing techniques are not quite the same as the regular financing strategies as far as intrigue and benefit components (Hassan, Kabir, Lewis, (2007). In any case, not many individuals know about that and frequently consider Islamic financing techniques as like regular financing strategies. The investigation targets featuring the essential contrast between these two

Cymbalta Uses, Side Effects, Dosages, Precautions

Cymbalta Uses, Side Effects, Dosages, Precautions Depression Treatment Medication Print What to Know About Cymbalta (Duloxetine) An SNRI to Treat Depression and Anxiety By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 07, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids David Burton / GettyImages Cymbalta (duloxetine hydrochloride) is a  serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressant. It is taken by mouth as a pill or capsule. Cymbalta may help improve a number of symptoms of depression including mood, appetite, sleep, and energy levels.   As an SNRI, duloxetine inhibits the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the central nervous system and as a result, increasing the amounts available in the brain. These brain chemicals work to help regulate mood, so increasing their levels can help relieve symptoms of depression. Uses Cymbalta is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. The effectiveness of Cymbalta for longer-term use, or more than nine weeks, has not been systematically evaluated in clinical trials. It is also used for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic muscle and bone pain, and generalized anxiety disorder. Off-Label Uses Cymbalta may sometimes be prescribed off-label in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence, chronic fatigue syndrome, and lower back pain.   Before Taking Cymbalta can be effective in the treatment of moderate-to-severe depression. Before you decide if duloxetine is right for you, your doctor will evaluate your symptoms and health history. Your doctor will want to determine if you have any other health conditions that may preclude the use of this medication or if you are taking any other medications or supplements that may influence the drugs actions. Before you begin taking Cymbalta, you should be aware that it may cause sudden decreases in blood pressure, which can result in dizziness and falling. You should use caution when standing. Cymbalta may also cause you to feel drowsy, so you should avoid operating a vehicle or other heavy equipment until you are aware of how the drug may affect you. Because duloxetine may increase suicidal thinking or behaviors in some individuals, you should talk to your doctor about monitoring your symptoms, particularly after you first begin taking the drug or any time your prescribed dose is adjusted. Precautions and Contraindications There have been some reports of liver failure in patients using Cymbalta. It has also been associated with an increase in blood pressure, so blood pressure should be monitored throughout treatment. Cymbalta should be used with caution in people with a history of mania or seizures. It should not be used in those with uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma. It should be discontinued gradually to avoid discontinuation symptoms. Experience with Cymbalta in patients with other illnesses is limited. Caution should be used when taking Cymbalta with other serotonergic medications such as other antidepressants. When taken with other drugs that affect serotonin, there is a risk of a serious complication known as serotonin syndrome. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include increased blood pressure, elevated heart rate, sweating, loss of coordination, agitation, and confusion. If you experience any of these symptoms while taking Cymbalta, you should contact your doctor immediately.   Overview of Serotonin Syndrome Cymbalta should not be used by anyone who has shown a sensitivity to duloxetine or any of Cymbaltas inactive ingredients. It should also not be used at the same time as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant. In clinical trials, Cymbalta was associated with increased mydriasis (dilation of the pupil of the eye) in people with uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma and should not be used by people with this condition. Other SNRIs Other SNRIs that are currently approved for the treatment of depression include: Strattera (atomoxetine)Pristiq; Khedezla (desvenlafaxine)Irenka (duloxetine)Fetzima (milnacipran)Ultram (tramadol)Effexor XR (venlafaxine) Dosage Cymbalta should be administered at a total daily dose of 40â€"60 milligrams (mg). Generally, it will be split into two doses taken at different times of the day. It is not necessary to take it with food. There is no evidence that doses greater than 60 mg per day confer any additional benefits. The listed dosages are according to the drug manufacturer. Check your prescription and talk to your doctor to make sure you are taking the right dose for you. How to Take The delayed-release capsules should be swallowed whole and never crushed or chewed.  If you miss a dose of duloxetine, you should take it as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time for your next dose, in which case, simply skip the missed dose and take your regular dose on schedule.   Never take two doses at once to make up for a missed dose, as it may result in an accidental overdose. Symptoms of a Cymbalta overdose include sleepiness, seizures, vomiting, rapid heart rate, confusion, and coma. You should contact emergency services immediately if you believe that you or someone else has overdosed on Cymbalta. Side Effects Common Some of the most common side effect associated with duloxetine are: NauseaDry mouthHeadacheDizzinessSleepiness The most common adverse events, reported by greater than 5%, were nausea, dry mouth, constipation, decreased appetite, fatigue, sleepiness, and increased sweating. Adverse events occurring in at least 2% of patients included diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, dizziness, tremor, hot flushes, blurred vision, insomnia, anxiety, and sexual side-effects. Severe More serious side effects can include: Bruising or bleedingSwellingAbdominal painJaundiceChest painTrouble breathingDark urinePanic attackWorsening depression If you experience any serious side effects, you should contact your doctor immediately as they may be a sign of a potentially dangerous complication. Warnings and Interactions All antidepressants, including Cymbalta, are required to carry a black box warning that antidepressants may increase the risk of suicide in people under the age of 25. People taking Cymbalta should be observed closely for worsening depression and suicidality, especially at the beginning of treatment or when changes are made to their prescribed dose. Patients should also be monitored for symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, restlessness, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, impulsivity, hypomania, and mania. If such symptoms are severe, occur suddenly, or were not symptoms that were present before treatment began, consideration should be given to changing to a different medication. Drug Interactions Duloxetine can interact with a number of other medications and supplements. These substances may impact the way that your antidepressant works or your antidepressant may influence the effects of those substances. In order to minimize the risk of potentially dangerous interactions, you should always tell your doctor about any other prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, herbs, or other supplements that you might be taking.   Drugs that are known to interact with duloxetine include: MAOIs and other antidepressantsWarfarin and other blood thinnersPain relievers such as aspirin and ibuprofenBlood pressure medicationsDiureticsHeartburn medicationsSt. Johns wortSome antibiotics Visit the FDAs website or speak with your doctor or pharmacist for more information on potential drug interactions. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility In female mice receiving an equivalent of 11 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD), there was an increase in hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. The no-effect dose was 4 times the MRHD. Tumor incidence was not increased in male mice at doses up to 8 times the MRHD. It was not mutagenic in studies performed nor did it affect fertility. Pregnancy and Lactation Cymbalta is a Class C drug. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women, so duloxetine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Drug Use and Dependence Duloxetine is not a controlled substance. In animal studies, it did not demonstrate barbiturate-like misuse potential. In drug dependence studies, it did not demonstrate dependence-producing potential in rats. While Cymbalta has not been systematically studied in humans for its potential for misuse, there were no indications of drug-seeking behavior in the clinical trials. Never stop taking your antidepressant without first consulting your doctor. Your doctor can advise you about how to reduce or stop your medication, which may involve gradually reducing your dosage. Everything You Need to Know About Antidepressant Withdrawal

The Los Angeles Intervention Approach - 895 Words

The Los Angeles intervention approach produces positive and negative attributes to combating gang related criminality. Gangs in society today, are problematic in many aspects. There are many different avenues city officials can take to combat or reduce gang related crime. Various methodologies have been used to take on this problem and have had successful results (Spergel,1986). â€Å"The general idea is that if gang members will not respond to ordinary social agency programs, then the programs must move out to the streets in order to achieve change (Klein,1965, p3. 183).† Law enforcement takes on a tremendous role in reducing crime and ensuring public safety. Gang related crime is a prominent adversary for not only local communities, but our brave men and women. obviously they are having a tough time reducing gang’s jurisdiction as seen in Chicago and other large cities. One of the many problems they face is going into the gang’s battlefields where bullets are being fired and yet protect themselves also. As one of the interviewees in Scotts article said, it would take the police at least an hour to come to his neighborhood when firearms are being fired (Scott, 2004, p.119). Theoretically, it is impossible for law enforcement to stop individuals from committing gang-related crime if they are not nearby to see what is taking place. Intervention of gang violence can not be law enforcement alone. The Los Angeles city-sanctioned gang intervention workers initially producesShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Cigarette Smoking Among Adult Smokers1264 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services developed a survey for the assessment of cigarette smoking among adult smokers. The assessment showed that there has been a significant decrease/decline in cigarette smoking amongst adults in the year of 2003. 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The Los Angeles C ounty Probation Department is the largest juvenile justice agency in the nation and manages juvenile offender’s detentions and placements and consists of 14 locked probation camp facilities and 3 juvenile halls (Newell Leap, 2013). Los Angeles County’sRead MoreCurrent Level Of Care : A Brief Description Of Your Field Placement Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesLens Crafters, OPCC, St. Joseph s Center, Hud-VASH, agencies that serve homeless veterans, and or agencies that provide substance abuse treatment. †¢ Description of Agency’s Mission Statement: The Salvation Army Haven started in 1994 at the West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare Center (VAHC) as an emergency housing program for veterans. The Haven caters to the needs of veterans, many of whom face a complex set of obstacles: shortage of affordable housing, low wages, lack of access to healthcare

Gay Marriage Should Be Legal - 1792 Words

Jack Baker and Michael McConnell walked in the courthouse and payed 10$ and applied for marriage licenses, The clerk refused to give it to them, because he said to them that marriage was with a member of the opposite sex. When the clerk refused Baker, a law student, and McConnell, sued in state court, Baker mentioned the Minnesota statute and how it doesn t mention anything about gender, Baker didn t go down with a fight, he thought it was unconstitutional discrimination on the basis of sex. Baker likened the situation to interracial marriage, and that s when the Supreme Court was intertwined with the situation, since then the Supreme Court passed the ruling that allows gay marriage to be legal in all states. It s truly amazing†¦show more content†¦love is just like we question whether love is real or whether it s fake but we never truly understand love until we ve gotten into it and read the beginning, the middle, and the end. loving somebody shouldn t be sorted out by gend er, ove should be open to whoever you may love or what you love. Will smith once said if anybody can find someone to love them and to help them to this difficult thing that we call life I support that in any shape or form.’ That s what marriage is, to have someone love you and you love them, someone to help you through life and for you to help them, so why take away from someone in the first place. Obama says the Supreme Court ruling will strengthen all of our communities by offering dignity and equal status to all same-sex couples and their families. The President calls the ruling a victory for America.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Obama is right, The ruling is a victory for America. It shows that people shouldn t be so narrow minded, and it shows how much people care about what s happening around them. We are the only ones who can change the future for America. Fear is built into all of us, when we are scared we cannot think clearly, but sometimes when we re scared, we have a boost of confidence and we become brave. Eleanor Roosevelt once said I believe that anyone can conquer fear by doing the

Racism In America Free Essays

Racism is everywhere in many different forms. I remember in 8th grade, I went to Walgreen to get some make-up products. As was just searching through the products kept see, a lady behind me. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism In America or any similar topic only for you Order Now So I walked away and she kept following me, so decided to leave and as I was leaving she asked me if she could see my backpack. So I gave it to her, she thought I was stealing because I was black. And from that day on still realized that there was still racism in America. Even though racism was bad back then it is still very prevalent and one of the world’s major issues. Many people are not aware of how much racism still exist in our schools, workforces, and anywhere else social lives are occurring. Between the years 1 450 though 1850 about 14 million African Americans were shipped to colonies in North America, South America and North Indies. About 90% Of these African Americans were kidnapped. And about 20-30% of them died on the route to these countries. These African American were know as indentured servants, which were a form of debt bondage that occurred in the early years of American colonies. And in 1 628 they started to sell these African Americans like a piece of object. African men were sold for about $27 ND would serve as a slave for their entire life. Women and children would be sold for about $60. In the late 1660 the trans-Atlantic slave trade begins. And from the early 1 6th to the mid-19th century about 12 million to 13 million African Americans were taken away and sold. And in 1 787, slavery is made illegal by the Northwest Territory. A few years later in 1808 Congress bans the kidnapping of slaves in Africa. And the Missouri Compromise bans slavery north of the southern boundary of Missouri. During the slavery era which was from (1787-1863), many laws, acts, and amendments were created, some that helped slavery but many that banned it. In 1860 the Missouri Compromise was passed which prohibited the holding and ownerships Of slaves in the territory of the United States north Of the line. Also the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were passed which abolished slavery, made all African Americans free, and lastly allowed African American man to vote. And then in 1964, this biggest law that helped segregation in America was the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This law abolished segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment. This acts helped crease the amount of segregation and racism in America. Even though there is still racism in America today. Jumping to present day, racism is still very active today because of the media. As we grow up the media becomes part of our everyday life whether we like it or not. The media is a major part of how racism is still very active in today’s society. Since the early days the media has given racial labels. For example, in crime shows such as â€Å"Law and Order†, and â€Å"CSS. When you think of crime, African Americans are the ones reflected as the bad guys. And the whites are often reflected at the â€Å"good guy’. The directors and writers use racial stereotypes to make a more interesting story with more suspects or people to target. Most types they target blacks because it’s easy to point the finger at an easy target. America sees blacks as no t capable or as important as whites. Racial discriminations is a big treat in workplace in America. Though is is not as noticeable as it was in the sass’s it is still very prevalent today. Studies even show people of color are the last hired, and the first fired. Even though we have Affirmative action which is used for diversity in the workplace, so hat discrimination can not be apart of the work environment. But that’s not really the case owners of companies can always find away around the system. If we look at the bigger picture, in many big companies you barely see people of color as the top guy like the CEO. You always see a white man in those positions. My mom once today me that one of her friends was applying for a job and her name was really ghetto, so you could tell that she was black. So she applied and didn’t get the job. A few months later she decided to apply for the job again, with a name that you could tell was white, and she ended p getting the job. Discrimination in the workplace is still very prevalent, and although the awareness of discrimination has been increasing, some companies still face this problem. Racism has been so rampant in schools, and is expressed in many different forms. Some of the forms of racism in schools include name-calling, teasing, verbal abuse, and even bullying. Racism is experienced by all kinds of people in school. Racism in schools has a big effect on individuals, and the learning environment. Racism in schools is enhanced by discriminatory policies and practices that exist in the school system. Some of these instances are ignoring incidents of racism, being bib in disciplinary acts against students based on their race. If we look at it most teachers are middle class white women, which can cause schools to be run by their values and beliefs of their classroom. Even today, I have noticed that most private schools are prominently white. Use to attend a private school when was in middle school, and I was the only black girl in class. And many times would get ignorant remarks from the students. Member one day, I was sitting down and this girl came up to me ND asked â€Å"do you live on trees and ride elephants†. I was taken aback. Even though there is still racism in schools we have come a long one since the first desegregated school in Alabama. The â€Å"Little Rock Nine† where one first African American students to attend an all white school. Racism and unequal treatment had always been prevalent in the criminal justice system. African Americans have always been under control of the whites. The most effective way for the whites to keep that control would be though the criminal justice system. For example, in â€Å"How to Kill a Mockingbird† a African American boy named Tom Robinson is accused of raping a white girl named Male Lowell. In the end the verdict, Tom was found guilty of charged. Similarly, around 1 940 a little boy names Emmett Till was murdered in Mississippi by two white man for â€Å"flirting† with one of the man ‘s wife. After Till’s body was found and the two white men, Were linked to Till’s body they Went on trial. The two men Were acquitted Of Emmett Till’s murder. This shows the power the criminal justice system has over African Americans. This is still prevalent today. In early 2012 Traction Martin was fatally shot and killed my George Zimmerman. And in July 201 3 Silverman was found not guilty of all the charges against him. After this America was stunned many were upset and sadden. This shows that racism is very much in the criminal justice system. Lastly, racism is not only toward African Americans. Many races has experienced some type of racism. On September 1 1, 2001 four planes were hijacked by terrorist. And after that day many Middle Easterners experienced racism especially in airports. Many airports where strict on who that allowed in and out of the Lignite States. Anyone who looked Middle Eastern was examined even more than anyone else. Also on December 7. 1941 the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. Thus making the Unites States skeptical of every Japanese American. So they gathered all the Japanese people and put them in concentration camp. This act of racism toward Japanese was very viscous and made them feel like they didn’t belong. In the end, they say you shouldn’t judge a book by it’s cover, yet everyday single day someone is being judged based on their skin color. Even though racism is bad, it is still being practiced in schools, workplaces, media, and the rimming justice system. How to cite Racism In America, Papers Racism in America Free Essays string(48) " covert racist is unaware that they are racist\." The purpose of this research is to show the effects of racism in America. Racism is defined as one group assumes superiority over other groups that develop attitudes of arrogance and ignorance. Despite many laws and legislation attempts to eliminate the evils of racism, the problem focuses on the cultural differences of race, color and biological supremacy. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Racism comes in the form of ethnic cleansing, hate groups, discrimination and restraint of equal rights. Over the last decade the media has become one of the major contributors of racism in the 21st century. The media have displayed labels on people of color from high- profile crime shows such as Law and Order and CSS, and lately from the George Zimmerman / Tradition Martin trial. With the 9/1 1 attacks on America new racial views and violence began to surface targeting Arabs and people of Middle East descent. Latino has now become an immediate target of racism due to the fear of taking Jobs away from Americans. With the selection of Barrack Obama as president, most Americans believed that the nation was entering a color-blind society and racial healing, but that did not eliminate racism in America it only intensified it. In order for America to unite on the issue of racism, racial healing is important. In order for Americans to embrace post-racism and accept people of different cultural backgrounds, Americans through programs such as affirmative action, empowerment through education and positive cultural images of African-Americans, Asian-Americans, Arab-Americans and Latino displayed by the media can help solve the problems of racism. By attacking the issues of racism positively and proactively we as a society of diverse cultures can eliminate and solve the reoccurring of racism in America. Key Words: racism, coordination, affirmative action, diversity, equal rights, culture The issues of racism still exist in America today due to the different perceptions from different races. Regardless, of the conscious intent of the American public, everyone is somewhat conditioned, affected or infected daily by racism. Racism is when one group assumes superiority over other groups that develop attitudes of arrogance and ignorance. Racial discourses were created socially by people beginning to perceive ideas and unfamiliar faces not recognizable. With the constant immigration of Africans, Latino, Asians and Middle-Easterners and there ethnic groups yearly escaping political and economic sanctioned countries found acceptance in America socially difficult. The media has become the major contributor of racism in the 21st century. Since the sass’s the media has given people of color labels from crime shows such as Law and Order and CSS, and lately from the George Zimmerman / Tradition Martin trial. Prior to the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1964) racist legislation such as the Jim Crow Laws mainly in the Southern states, enforced segregation legislation that imposed legal punishment on people interacting with other races. The passage of the Civil Rights Act and other coordination laws only soften America’s stance on racism. Racism and racial violence still exist in the 21st century. The 9/1 1 terror attacks in America brought forth new racial views and violence on Arabs and people of Middle East descent. Even Latino who was not an immediate threat to America has become under the radar of racism. This form of racial acts and ethnic scrutiny is called racial racial profiling. With the choice of Barrack Obama as president, most Americans believed that the nation was entering a post-racial America, becoming a color-blind society where the scars of racism can begin to heal if not dismissed. Despite the hopes of eliminating racism in post -racial America, racism still exists and thrives. In order for America to unite on the issue of racism, racial healing is important through education and treatment. Media in 21st century post-racial America has fiercely fought to change their format and character of racism to become more political correct. Americans has become more educated and subtle in mainstreaming its views of racism. Social barriers of economic and political disadvantages that were invisible to the American public still exist. It is still a continuous struggle for the unwanted truth of racism and prejudice o become embedded within the hearts of the American society. Past and present leaders of the civil rights movement who fought and died for equality, Justice and social-political change (Dry. King and others) will continue the fight against racism, while other groups who offer resistance to change of racism, prejudice and discrimination will seek to support the things that they are (Continue, 2011). The domination of power, economic and social control by groups that are deemed superior to over cultures will not change because racism is an institutional ideology. Improvements will be made if America as a nation must work toward eliminating schism and move to a post racial society. Legislative acts such as the Alien and Sedition Act (1798) was the first legislation of prohibiting racism in the United States to protect French immigrants. The Native American Party (1845) was created to protect Native Americans who feared Irish immigrants who immigrated to America for a better life. Southern states in 1880 began legislation to illegally block African- Americans seeking political positions, the right to vote, segregating public accommodations and public transportation which called for the illegal enforcement of the Jim Crow Laws. Racism has a long continuous history in America that began from slavery to the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1964). There are many forms of racism: open, violent and covert. Open racism focuses on individual freedom to express racial thoughts and speech. Open racism exist in America because of an individual’s freedom of speech derived from the first amendment (Doe, 2012). Societal use of open racism in America is declining and found unconstitutional and politically incorrect. Violent racism is a form of racism that the use of violence is exhibited through imposing fear from racial groups to express their agendas. Covert racism is the most common type of racism used today. The covert racist is unaware that they are racist. You read "Racism in America" in category "Papers" Covert racists’ uses this tactic to intimidate groups or cultures that are inferior to their culture. Individual racism is a form of racism that has one person discriminates against another. Institutional racism is a form of racism when institutions discriminate against a race for unfair and biased reasons, the same reason the individual racist would do (racial profiling). Lastly racism is in the form of people displaying attitudes about other races and cultures. Since post 9 / 1 1 attitudes toward Arabs has increased because of the attitudes of the American society that all Arabs are considered terrorist. Racism is a disease that has become a serious epidemic in America today. This research examines the evils of racism in post racial America. This paper examines the racial acts of prejudice and discrimination against African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans and Arab-Americans. African-Americans and Racism Since the institution of slavery African-Americans has fought to gain acceptance social changes and racial equality in the United States. Slavery was the most noted Oromo of racism in the United States. The institution of slavery that stigmatize African-Americans created the beginning of Anti-African racism that still exists in the United States today. African -Americans were and are still treated as second class citizens. The Jim Crow laws were the creation of statutes that called for the legalization in the sass’s. The stories of racism in American laws found in several Supreme Court cases have shaped societal views on race and equality (Welsh, 2009). The effect of slavery, racism and the struggle for civil rights has continued to shape he laws of the country and society (Welsh, 2009). The Supreme Court ruling Peoples v Ferguson stated that separate facilities for blacks and whites were unconstitutional and called for the passage of discriminatory laws and legislations that would strip the political and economic gains by blacks after Reconstruction. With the success of the African Movement institutionalizing of significant gains since the sass’s Blacks has become an important voter bloc participant at higher rates than white voters of the same socioeconomic status and the number of black political leaders rapidly rising. Although the socioeconomic gap placed between blacks and whites remains the same. With significant progress made against overt forms of racial discrimination, in education and employment gradually becoming evident (Fast, 2008). Sadly the majority still do not have access to most political, economic and cultural resources in the United States. Because of these factors the majority of African-Americans have been relegated to reside in impoverish conditions while being exposed to social ills such as police brutality, poverty, illiteracy, diseases, unemployment, crime, and drugs (Fast, 2008). With the turn of the 21st century the violent acts of racism has not stopped in America. Racial profiling is now in the new version of racism of blacks and other races because of the color of skin. Racial profiling is an illegal tactic used by law enforcement to stop, question, arrest and search individuals, groups and cultures based on race and ethnicity. Racial profiling was limited to Africans and Hispanics, but since post 9 11 1 Arabs has become one of the most profiled ethnic groups in America. The history of the United States have shown that African Americans have always fought for social change and racial quality that addresses the illegal practices of racial discrimination, institutional racism, biases and racial intolerance’s that are exhibited by law enforcement. The African-Americans quest for equal Justice can be traced in the rich traditions of religion and spiritual history. The fear of racial indifference and the self interest of the African-American culture make the value in the pursuit of racial equality and social Justice diminish. Civil rights activist such as Dry. King and others has paved the way for social Justice and racial equality. Since the later part of the sass’s crimes omitted by African-Americans has been a central issue in the political arena of American politics. White Americans think the crime issues in America bring about the racial fears, the fear of becoming victims of black offenders and fearing that their communities and neighborhoods will be integrated by African-Americans. African- Americans are often the victims of violent hate crimes but the fear of reprisals of them being victims creates fear at high levels among the white society in America. African-Americans are more likely to become victims of violent hate crimes more than any other American culture. Police profiling has led to the killing and shooting of African-Americans that whites. This issue has been debated that blacks has a higher rate than whites. Law enforcement illegal practices of racial profiling is not only done on streets but practiced in institutions. Racial profiling practices by law enforcement agencies involve three types of situations: the war on drugs, stopping citizens that seem out of place in a specific neighborhoods and the crackdown of violent and property crimes. Most African-Americans feel that all police / law enforcement offices are racist or prejudice. This assumption is based on the officers’ attitudes and behaviors. The main focus in stopping racial profiling is the reduction of police misconduct against African Americans and other ethnic minorities. In order for racial profiling to be eliminated law enforcement agencies must be willing to teach their officers about cultural competency. Organizations such as the UCLA and the Human Rights Watch have pressured national, state and local governments to adhere to the standards of fair treatment of victims and defendants. The UCLA expresses a fear that developing a repressive state will warn against the implementation of anti- pendant, anti-police and pro-prosecutor measures that may undermine any presumptions of innocence and the burden of proof. The due process will be severely challenged if defendants and victims are denied pre-trail release. The powers of the states will alarm civil libertarians to safeguard the defendant and victims’ constitutional rights while maintaining checks and balances (Daces, 2009). Hispanics, Latino, Mexican -Americans and Racism The massive explosion of immigration, Hispanics from Mexico and Latino has caused an Anti- sentiment among the American people in regards of the issue of illegal immigrants. Immigrants that come to the United States daily are of Mexican Latino descent and live in extreme poverty. A large amount of the American population does not support the immigration of Hispanics and Latino. Those Americans with Anti-Hispanic/ Latino sentiments have the fear that the Hispanic immigrants come to this country to take their Jobs. Many Hispanic and Latino immigrants are classified as illegal but most are American citizens who came to this country legally. There are the binaries of racism that has caused concerns that needs to be surpassed in order to eave an accurate account of social injustice and political practices of racism (Shelley, 2009). The black [white binary has misled the American public into thinking that color-coded racism is the model for all types of racism. The race/ ethnic binary cannot Justify the lived experiences and social identity of Latino and Hispanic that lives in the United States with the promise/ threat binary that offers distorted views of political situations of Hispanics and Latino and Mexican- Americans (Shelley, 2009). Discrimination and hate crimes still remain against Hispanics, Latino and Mexican- Americans. The building of the American -Mexican border fence is a good example of racial discrimination and racism. With the condition of the economy advocates feel that racism and discrimination and unemployment issues against Latino, Hispanics and Mexican-Americans may increase. As with African Americans Hispanics and Latino are victims of racial profiling by law enforcement officers largely due to drug trafficking and gang violence. Racial profiling, unlawful detainment’s and illegal deportations are some of the racial tactics used by law enforcement agents to Rooney detain and arrest Latino, Hispanics and Mexican-Americans. Police and law enforcement officers using racism as a tool for traffic stops have led to greater incidents of racially profiling, harassing and brutalizing Hispanics, Latino and Mexican- Americans. Hispanics, Latino and Mexican-Americans continue to be unfairly targeted by the police in illegal traffic stops and searches. Daily routines Hispanics do are subject to intimidation and abuse from law enforcement officers. Law enforcement officers profile people of color daily while driving, working, in neighborhoods and shopping. Hispanics, Latino and Mexican-Americans have become daily targets of racism, discrimination acts and hate crimes. Human rights watch groups such as the UCLA and the Civil Liberty Union continue to fight to maintain international human rights, to become advocates for racial equality and continue to fight discrimination and racism at all levels. Hispanic communities are reported to have higher rates of crimes than other communities nationally. Hispanics and Latino have developed a unique experience about police that shapes their attitudes toward law enforcement officials. Several factors explain patterns of racism twine Hispanics, Mexican-Americans, Latino and police range from difficulties understanding English by non English speaking Hispanics that develops communication problems with police and do not report crimes of racism. Hispanics fear that calling the police will expose criminal acts within their communities. Members of Congress and Senate agree that racism and racial profiling is unconstitutional. Most Americans have the fear that Hispanics and Latino are gang members, drug runners and take Jobs from Joe America. However in the 21st century racism, hate crimes, discrimination and racial profiling continues to remain a national robber that impacts the daily lives of Hispanics, Latino and Mexican-Americans. Arabs, Muslims and Racism Muslim minorities are subject to racism and racial profiling by virtue of their perceived Muslim culture. Arab-Americans and Muslims are met with less sympathy than gaining acceptance socially and politically than other religious minorities globally. Jewish groups are also victims of racism discrimination and hate crimes. The anti -Muslim sentiments and cultural racism displayed in the media give the world alleged misrepresentation of the Arab culture that contributes to the world’s countermanding and creation of sentiments against Arabs and Muslims (Mere Mood, 2009). The conceptualization of racism assures the protection afforded to racial minorities is conceived as involuntary constituted and should not be extended to Muslims because of their religious identity. Society may find being sympathetic with a minority that is categorized by society as disloyal or associated with terrorist ideology hard. Americans and the world view Arabs and Muslims as threats rather than a disadvantaged minority subject to increase pernicious discourse of racial discrimination (Mere et al, 2009). The effects of 9 / 11 points out several disturbances socially, economically and politically against people of Middle-East and Arab descent. A Scuff prospective was created based on the trends and responsibility of humanity globally to encounter the prospective of racism with practical applications of universal value. The basic principles of peace and harmony inherent in the foundation of Islamic culture, along with the power of remembrance are fundamental to the quality of harmony and the need of reflection in the Muslim culture (Rasher, 2011). Americans must renounce the tragedy of post 9/1 1, as a world filled with story, prejudice, discrimination and racism by putting racial healing into practice for the betterment of mankind. When good and fresh ideas began to flourish, and when principle actions along with the commitment of a common cause, the necessity of embracing cultural is a challenge and blessing off pluralistic nation and inter- connected world ( Rasher, 2011). Since 9 / 11 and the war on terrorism, Arabs and Arab-Americans has become one of the most racial discriminated cultures in the world. Arabs and Arab-Americans continue to experience higher volume of hate crimes, violence, racism and discrimination than African Americans. The Ft. Hood shooting (2009) by an Army officer of Arab descent caused increased hostility, violence and anti-Arab sentiments against Arabs of Muslim descent. The media through television and movies has portrayed all Arabs and Americans of Arab decent as terrorist, Jihads and the main enemy of the United States. The media and Hollywood give Americans and the rest of the world the false negative image that all Arabs are considered terrorist. Since the 9 / 11 terror attacks Arabs and Arab- Americans has been falsely labeled as being brutal, heartless, and whose main objective is to destroy the United States through Jihads or Holy wars. Racial profiling and racism is the most used method against Arab-Americans today. Police and law enforcement officials use racism and racial profiling as a tactics to identify and arrest Arabs and Arab-Americans as suspected terrorist because of their ethnic and cultural identities. Since the attacks of 9/1 , the attacks on Arabs and Muslims worldwide have dramatically increased. We as Americans must note that the culture of Islam is not a race nor is being a Muslim. Americans and other nations must embrace the religion, customs and ideology of the Arab culture instead of resorting o racism, prejudice and violence. Racism in America is a societal disease that affects the lives of cultures through bigotry, hate crimes, prejudice discrimination and violence. As a controversial problem in America, racism is a social and political concern that a dominate individual, culture or group generates the moral issues of racism that can only be solved through political legislation. In the book Souls of Black Folk W. E. B. Du Bois asks the question of ; How does it feels as Black folk (people) to be a problem†. Lenten Tattle do not give an answer to Du Bois question but provides critical study called the crisis of multiculturalism discourse. It is the primary means by which minorities today cast as problems of cultural integration and racism (Fem., 2008). Du Bois showed how the failure of multiculturalism has been recorded in a post-racial America. The over emphasis of cultural differences rights of victims play an important role that results in the unintended consequences of social segregation, urban unrest, religious extremism and communal patriarchy ( Quicksand, 2012). Acts 10: 34-35 Peter replies â€Å"l see very clearly that God do not show partiality. In every action he accepts those who fear him and do what is right† (Holy Bible N I V). Racism has been a controversial issue in America since the arrival of the European colonist. The thought of lore the practice of racism in America is the domination by a group that think it is superior than another group that degraded or debased with the use of intimidation and violence to other cultures. In order for the elimination of racism in America people of all colors and cultures must treat each other with respect, humanely and dignity. If not then racism will continue to be a societal disease in post racial America . References Safe, J. (2008). How to cite Racism in America, Papers Racism in America Free Essays Robert Kim May 2011 Sociological Imagination Racism in America Is America in a Post Racial Era? What sort of impact does racism have in our society? In America, it’s quite well known that we finally have the first black president in, it is also generally agreed upon that racism is unacceptable in society, and most of us would consider ourselves equal to one another regardless of race. Obviously, we still have people who are racist and the idea that these people will go away completely is almost unbelievable. Racism is the belief that races have distinctive cultural characteristics determined by hereditary factors and that this endows some races with an intrinsic superiority over others. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now And it can also mean abusive or aggressive behavior towards members of another race on the basis of such a belief. Racism means that people have negative and condescending thoughts about others based on their race. Some of the most infamous acts of racism in the United States occurred in the 1800s and 1900s which involved the discrimination against Indians and African Americans. In the 1800s, Americans believed that the Native Americans should be removed off their land or forced to assimilate into American society. The many Native Americans who chose not to assimilate were forced off their land into â€Å"reserves† so they would remain separate from society. â€Å"The concept became policy in 1825, with the creation of an Indian Country between the Red and Missouri Rivers†¦ followed by the Removal Act of 1830, leading to the relocation of many eastern tribes. Continuing non-Indian expansion, however, caused the so-called â€Å"permanent† Indian Territory to dwindle in size† (Waldman, Carl). The removal act attempted to remove Indians off their land and segregate them from each other and then, â€Å"The difference was that instead of one large Indian Country, lands were divided up piecemeal, with tribes confined to separate parcels with specific boundaries† (Waldman, Carl). And because of these acts, American Indians started to fight back for their land and their rights, which led to several American Indian wars. Eventually, American Indians were pushed so far away from society that they appear today as almost non-existent. It’s very rare nowadays to meet a legitimate Native American because of these acts of discrimination against their race. The other well known historical event involved the African Americans in America who were discriminated against harshly, considered as property, and used primarily as slaves. Slavery was based on racist beliefs and thoughts that African Americans were inferior to white Americans. The three-fifths clause is the most infamous part of the Constitution in so far as black Americans are concerned. This is because it formalizes racism and white supremacy in the document, reflecting the debased, dehumanized status of African peoples in the minds of the Constitution’s framers† (Smith, Robert). This act was used for political reasons in order to account for how many African people are living in the United States so that they could be taxed and r epresented in congress. This just shows that even the government believed that racism was acceptable and they were barely considered people. Southern states believed that these slaves were considered property and didn’t want to include them as part of the population, but for political purposes, congress wanted to add them into the count in population for political power. Racism has probably impacted African Americans the most because of how much they had to suffer during the time of slavery. Even still today, African Americans suffer from some forms of racism. After African Americans were freed from slavery and considered as â€Å"equal† citizens, no one would accept them as equal and they were still being discriminated against. African Americans were still being mistreated, terrorized against, and unable to participate in the same schooling or education as white Americans. African Americans weren’t considered equal and because of racism, people still thought of them as inferior and unequal just because they believed that they were born and meant to be servants. Even the government refused to accept African Americans as equals and the government created laws to restrict the rights of African Americans so that they wouldn’t be able to interact in society equally. After segregation had finally ended, African Americans were considered equal in society and are able to live without as much discrimination against them. We are not yet in a Post Racial Era because racism and race are still playing a role in our judgment and categorization of how we interact with other people. Barrack Obama is the first and only African American President to sit in office, even with America accepting and voting in the first non-white President, there are still many issues with racism in the United States. We are not in a Post Racial Era because people still have hatred against other people solely based on race and although they may not be able to express their ideas publicly, it still exists in people’s minds and their actions may even reflect those thoughts. Bibliography Smith, Robert C. â€Å"three-fifths clause in the U. S. Constitution. Encyclopedia of African-American Politics. New York: Facts On File, Inc. , 2003. African-American History Online. Facts on File, Inc. http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp ItemID=WE01amp;iPin=EAAP0399amp;SingleRecord=True  (accessed April  25,  2011). Waldman, Carl. â€Å"U. S. Indian policy: Removal and reservations. † Atlas of the North American Indian, Third Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc. , 2009. Ameri can Indian History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp ItemID=WE43amp;iPin=ind5509amp;SingleRecord=True  (accessed April  25,  2011). How to cite Racism in America, Papers

Taronga Zoo Essay Example For Students

Taronga Zoo Essay University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Business Pricing and Revenue Management Assignment By Gary Anderson (10543546), Robert Baker (10630426), Angela Chan (11080456), Fred Duarte (10796086), Mary Levy (10803928) Prepared for Dr Christine Ebling Due Date: 27th May 2010 CASE REPORT FOR TARONGA ZOO By Anderson Baker Chan Duarte Levy Associates (ABCDL) Contents 1. Taronga’s Zoo’s Strategy1 1. 1Strategic Approach Price Position1 2. Current Analysis of Taronga Zoo’s Market2 2. 1Willingness to pay2 2. 2Consumer Behaviour and Current Pricing2 3. Pricing Decision and Future Pricing Recommendations4 3. 1Pricing for Families4 3. Pricing for Couples4 3. 3Increasing Repeat Visitation4 3. 4Managing Flow of Visitors5 4. Implementation and 4P’s6 5. References7 6. Appendices8 Taronga’s Zoo’s Strategy Our vision is to inspire Australians and our visitors to discover, explore, delight in and protect our natural world† Taronga Zoo Vision Statement (C lements 2009, pg4) 1. 2 Strategic Approach Price Position Secondary research was used to establish Taronga Zoos competitors (Appendix 1), and their pricing versus Taronga Zoo, this provided an initial indication of Taronga Zoo’s price positioning in the market as a premium priced visitor attraction (Appendix 2). We will write a custom essay on Taronga Zoo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This was confirmed through primary research, in the form of an online questionnaire (Appendix 3 4). Refer to (Appendix 5) for key conclusions from this research. The design of Taronga Zoo’s marketing mix also reflects a premium position: 1. Outstanding product with extensive service and offerings. Although they have not made many changes with the animal exhibits they have innovated with items such as the twilight walk and roar and snore (Appendix 6). 2. Taronga Zoo’s price is constantly high versus their competitors and they generally have minimal special offers. 3. Exclusive Distribution: Only two locations, Mosman/Dubbo; limited ticket distribution channels, the website (via Ticketek), Taronga Zoo, Circular Quay Ferries and Captain Cook Cruises. 4. Heavy investment in their communication strategy with a targeted media selection. Taronga Zoo spent $88 million in 2009 on media covering a combination of television (82%), print (17%) and radio (1%) (Appendix 7). A SWOT analysis of the current price positions raised the following key points (Appendix 8): * Strengths: Established premium price positioning; strong price segmentation; and an on-line pre-pay option. Weaknesses: Lack of repeat visitation; lack of yield management; and lack of value communication; lack of price discrimination. * Opportunities: Repeat visitation pricing incentives; price bundling; and off-peak pricing. * Threats: Competitor pricing; and competitor discounts. Current Analysis of Taronga Zoo’s Market 1. 2 Willingness to pay Actual willingness to pay (WTP) may be diff erent to the hypothetical WTP when customers visit the Zoo with their families. A price premium is a privilege given to products that are capable of providing useful benefits for consumers. When consumers find those benefits valuable, the level of their acceptance of the price for the product becomes higher (Shirai 2010, pg 184). This holds true for Taronga Zoo as primary research shows they have a premium price and hold a high perceived value which forms a competitive advantage. Consumer Behaviour and Current Pricing Target segments have been based on the origin of visitors taken from the 2009 Annual Report (Appendix 9). When considering price perception it is important to separate these segments. Sydney Residents (51%) Cain and Meritt Jr. oted that surveys for metropolitan Zoos and Aquariums, showed that families with children were the most likely to visit Zoos (2006, p. 7. ). Taronga’s local marketing and primary research, supports that families and visitors with children form a core target segment with 50% of respondents visiting the Zoo with children aged from under 4-17. Primary research indicates that price is an important factor in the purchase decision, coming above the needs of entertainment for kids, implying the need to provide value for families (Appendix 10). It also suggests that admission prices are considered high during the pre-purchase phase, with respondents selecting a lower price for each of the admission levels (Appendix11). However Taronga Zoo reports that overall satisfaction with price was high during the purchase/post purchase stage (Appendix 12). Motivational drivers coupled with the potential emotional ramifications of disappointing their family or partner may affect these reference prices resulting in a new adaptation level due to this immediate focal stimuli. Reference prices can be made up of several components: the price most frequently charged; the price which the consumer last paid; the price of the service the consumer usually buys; the average price of similar services; the perceived quality of the service (Coalter 2004, pg 74). This may explain these lower pre-purchase reference price, as Taronga Zoos competitors charge less and primary research indicates this is an infrequent purchase. Taronga offers full price adult and child admissions plus a separate family rate, which is advertised under discount admissions (Appendix 2). Prospect theory suggests that the family pricing would be more effective if the gains were highlighted by promoting the saving, as all transactions involve some form of risk and can be seen as a balance of losses and gains (Schiffman et al 2008, pg162). Prospect theory also suggests that discounts should be applied to most consumers, yet none is available for families of one child and two adults. Domestic Visitors Intra and Interstate (21%) Tourism Australia in their report on Nature Tourism, identified domestic overnight visitors as adult couples 31% and families 31% (2009, p. . ). This corresponds with Tourism NSW data that showed in 2009 only 18% of visitors to Sydney were family groups (2010, p. 1. ). Yet Taronga Zoo offers no discounts to couples and marketing is focused on families, though there are a number of new programs that would cater for the couples market such as the twilight walks. Primary research has not provided sufficient information to draw further conclusions ab out domestic tourists see (Appendix 13) for further recommendations. International Visitors (28%) Tourism data indicates that there will be a shift in international visitor demographics over the next 8 years (Appendix 14). Primary research has not provided sufficient information to draw conclusions about how this change in the origin of international tourists would impact pricing expectations see (Appendix 13) for further recommendations. Repeat Visitation Secondary research indicates there is a lack of repeat visitation (Appendix 15), yet this should form an important revenue stream for Taronga Zoo. Repeat visitors not only represent a stable source of revenue, they also act as informally networks linking friends, relatives, and other potential visitors (Reid Reid 1993, pxx). Currently the only discount available for repeat visits is as a Zoo Friends member, which offers unlimited free entry into both Taronga and Western Plains Zoo for 12 months (Appendix 16). The annual report indicates that Zoo Friends only contributed 4% of Admissions Revenue (Clements 2009). Primary research also indicates hat the Zoo Friends program is not well known among target segments, with less than 2% of respondents replying that they were members of the Zoo and 4% of non-members responding they weren’t aware you could become a member (Appendix 17). Pricing Decision and Future Pricing Recommendations ABCDL’s research indicates that Taronga Zoo appear to be targeting the correct segments, however there are a number of areas they should consider developing more pricing tactics. 1. 2 Prici ng for Families Current advertising for family admission fails to highlight the gains of the discount. Pricing should also be reviewed as the current discount is less than the price of one admission, ABCDL propose that the new price should be equivalent to one free child admission and that this should be highlighted a gain. In addition, a second level of family pricing should be introduced to accommodate families with one child, and to match competitor-pricing tactics. Price Bundling tactics can also be used to create a gain as this will also fit with the current premium price position by not devaluing the current product pricing. Currently bundling only includes ferry transport, ABCDL propose this should be extended to offers that are more enticing to local families many of whom will be travelling by car. Options may include * Family Ticket Bundling that includes Parking * Family Ticket Bundling that include Food Offers, such as 2 kids meals * Family Ticket Bundling with the Wild Aussies Children Shows 1. 2 Pricing for Couples There are no incentives for couples wishing to visit the Zoo at present yet they represent a key demographic among interstate visitors to Sydney. .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 , .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 .postImageUrl , .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 , .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54:hover , .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54:visited , .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54:active { border:0!important; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54:active , .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54 .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u641f8e9cdcdd8ab453c46b067366bf54:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Progressive Era EssayABCDL propose that price bundling be introduced for adult couples, such as partnering with another venue or Taronga product: * Purchase two adult tickets and receive a 10% discount on the Twilight Walk. * Introduce a Zoo Supper – purchase two adult tickets for day pass bundled with evening dinner. This could be good for couples who visit zoo in the afternoon. 1. 3 Increasing Repeat Visitation Research indicates repeat visitation needs increasing and that the current membership program is not well advertised or considered an option by many. ABCDL propose that more promotion be developed around the existing membership program to raise awareness. Secondly, that alternative loyalty programs be introduced for those unwilling to pay upfront for an annual pass. * Club card – spend more than $260. 00 on admissions and Zoo merchandise and receive a free family pass (two adults with two children). * Discount vouchers – 5% off your next purchase * Purchase ten adult tickets and receive the eleventh ticket free 1. 4 Managing Flow of Visitors Temporal Pricing The Zoo like many venues is affect by daily fluctuations in visitor numbers with weekdays having less visitors than weekends, and late afternoon see less new entrants to the Zoo. ABCDL propose that the Zoo consider introducing temporal pricing, whereby weekday admissions are lower than weekend and that admission after 3. 30pm is half price. Yield Management Taronga Zoo opens almost everyday of the year, and visitation is seasonally dependent. As indicated in the primary research weather is a key component of the decision process to visit the Zoo, yet no seasonal price differentiation is offered. In addition, many exhibits are shut for renovation in quieter periods of the year. To encourage visitors in the off peak season of late autumn through to early spring, ABCDL proposes Taronga Zoo introduce Yield management pricing. Namely, that they offer lower admission prices in the cooler months, this price would be competitive against other indoor attractions, while maintaining its premium positioning. Pay What You Want Trial Secondary Research has shown that Taronga Zoo visitation is both seasonally and affected by school holidays. Regardless of this fluctuation, the Zoo has sunk costs it needs to recover. ABCDL propose a Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) trial in an off-peak period. PWYW is a participative pricing model in which a buyer’s control over the price setting is at a maximum level; the buyer can set any price above or equal to zero, and the seller cannot reject it. The benefits to the Zoo can be; (1) attracting new customers, (2) accounting for customer heterogeneity and providing differentiated pricing and (3) providing useful information on customer willingness-to-pay. Kim, Natter Spann, 2009). 1. Implementation and 3P’s ABCDL recommends the implementation of the remaining 3 P’s of marketing to complement the pricing recommendations above, a detailed outline is included in (Appendix 18) with a summary provided below: Product * New family ticket for 2 adults and 1 child * Introduction of Zoo Supper * New loyalty programs * More product bundling as outlined in recommendations Place * Dev elopment of the Zoos own e-commerce site for ticket sales Promotion In line with its premium price position, the Zoo should plan a new media campaign to communication these additional price offers to its target markets. This should include selected print media, such as Sydney’s Child, The Australian, Sydney Herald and Sydney Telegraph. Supported by selective use of radio advertising and targeted TV PR, through programs such as: Sydney Weekender; Getaway; and Better Homes and Gardens. Additional promotional activity should include: * Communicating offers through park signage advertising the new pricing offers * Communication through marketing collateral such as admission ickets, additional posters, take home pack for targeting families with children, loyalty cards * Promotion of Free child admission with family pass (2 adults + 2 Child) * Off peak advertising messages – â€Å"Avoid the Crowds† * Direct marketing to Zoo database of bundles, loyalty offers etc * More emphasis on unique features such as zoo- petting and flight shows * More promotion of other Zoo programs and price bundles such as Twilight Walk * Clear communication of gains and savings on current price list communications * Emphasis on value in communications â€Å"Full day at the Zoo† References ABS 2008, 3235. 0 Population by Age and Sex, Regions of Australia 2008, Australian Bureau of Statistics Canberra, viewed 1 May 2010, http://www. abs. gov. au/ausstats/[emailprotected] nsf/Products/3235. 0~2008~Main+Features~New+South+Wales? OpenDocument Cain, L. P. and Meritt, D. A. 2006, The Demand for Zoos and Aquariums, Cambridge University Press, New York Clements, Z. M. R. a. D. 2009, Taronga Zoo Conservation Society Board 2009 Annual Report, Sydney. Coalter, F. 2004, Reference Pricing: Changing Perceptions of Entrance Charges for Sport and Recreation, Journal of Managing Leisure, Vol 9, pp. 3-86 Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism (2010), Key Facts – Tourism, DRET, Canberra Kim, J. Y. , Natter, M. , Spann, M. 2009, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 44-58 Reid Reid Schiffman, L. , OCass, A. , Paladino, A. , Ward, S. , Kanuk, L. 2008. Consumer Behaviour 4th Ed. , Pearson Education, Sydney Shirai, M. 2010, Analyzing Price Premiums for Foods in Jap an: Measuring Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Quality-Related Attributes, Journal of Food Products Marketing, Vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 184-198. Tourism NSW 2010, International Travel to NSW Year End December 2009, TNSW, Sydney Tourism NSW 2010, Travel to Sydney Year End December 2009, TNSW, Sydney Tourism Research Australia 2009, Nature Tourism in Australia 2008 Snapshot, TRA, Canberra Appendices Appendix 1: Direct and indirect competitor set9 Appendix 3: Value of attractions9 Appendix 5: Key conclusions from primary research10 Appendix: Characteristics of marketing mix in a premium price positioning11 Appendix: List of innovative products11 Appendix 8: Media Coverage12 Appendix 9: SWOT Analysis13 Appendix 10: Origin of visitors to Taronga Zoo14 Appendix 11: The top five most important reasons for visiting zoos:14 Appendix 12: Reference Pricing14 Appendix 13: Visitor Customer Satisfaction Levels – 12 month average:15 Appendix 14: Limitations and Further Research Requirements15 Appendix 15: International visitors16 Appendix 16: Taronga Zoo Visitor Numbers17 Appendix 17: Zoo Friends Pricing19 Appendix 18: Membership and Awareness of Zoo Friends Program19 Appendix 19 – Detail 3P’s Implementation20 Appendix 1: Direct and indirect competitor set Source: ABCDL Desk Research, 2010 Appendix 2: Competitor Pricing as of 30th April 2010 Source: www. taronga. org. au, www. myfun. com. au, and www. featherdale. com. au. Appendix 3: Value of attractions How would you rank the value the following attractions for value 1 being the worst value and 10 being the best value? | Answer Options| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| Rating Average| Taronga Zoo| 3| 4| 8| 11| 44| 29| 30| 24| 12| 8| 6. 14| Sydney Bridge climb| 10| 15| 16| 18| 28| 20| 18| 22| 5| 21| 5. 65| Powerhouse Museum| 8| 6| 17| 11| 47| 24| 26| 21| 8| 5| 5. 58| Sydney Aquarium| 8| 8| 14| 12| 60| 21| 22| 18| 5| 5| 5. 39| Maritime Museum| 7| 11| 19| 19| 59| 20| 16| 11| 2| 9| 5. 12| Featherdale Wildlife Park| 10| 18| 13| 14| 53| 19| 24| 15| 5| 2| 5. 5| Luna Park| 10| 14| 23| 27| 38| 20| 22| 13| 2| 4| 4. 86| Ocean world Manly| 7| 12| 21| 17| 72| 18| 15| 7| 2| 2| 4. 79| Sydney Wildlife World| 6| 21| 17| 19| 64| 17| 16| 5| 3| 5| 4. 77| Sydney Tower| 9| 15| 29| 18| 52| 15| 15| 12| 5| 3| 4. 76| Source: Taronga Zoo Consumer Survey (ABCDL 2010) Appendix 4: Value Map Source: Taronga Zoo Consumer Survey (ABCDL 2010) Note: In developing the value map we utilis ed average price of adult, child and family (2 adult ; 2 child); only direct competitors used. Appendix 5: Key conclusions from primary research 1. Featherdale Wildlife Park, Ocean World and Sydney Tower have a value advantage position as they have higher perceived value than perceived price; 2. Sydney Aquarium and Sydney Wildlife World are within the value equivalent line indicating they are in an optimum price position; 3. Taronga Zoo is in a premium position with high perceived value and perceived price. Source: Taronga Zoo Consumer Survey (ABCDL 2010) Appendix 6: List of innovative products * Australian Walkabout * Boral Youth @ the Zoo * Family friendly NYE events * Fearless at Taronga * Roar and Snore * School holiday programs – Zoo Adventures Short Courses – Animal Training and Photography * Sunset Walks * Twilight Concerts * Twilight Safari * VIP Aussie Gold * Wild Aussies Children’s Shows * Wild Australia * Zoorise * Zooper Birthday Parties * Zoosnooz Source: Taronga Zoo website Appendix 7: Media Coverage Source: Taronga Zoo 2009 Annual Report (Clements 2009) Appendix 8: SWOT Analysis Appendix 9: O rigin of visitors to Taronga Zoo Source: Taronga Conservation Society Australia 08-09 Annual Report (Clements 2009, p. 16. ) Appendix 10: The top five most important reasons for visiting zoos: 1. Fun 2. Opportunity to see/learn about/photography animals 3. 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Entertainment for the kids Source: Taronga Zoo Consumer Survey (ABCDL 2010) Appendix 11: Reference Pricing What price would you pay? Admission Type| Mode Response| Actual Price| Adult| $26-32| $41| Children (4-15)| $19-25| $20| Family (2 Adults ; 1 Child)| $54-60| n/a| Family (2 Adults ; 2 Child)| $68-74| $104| Student| $19-25| $25| Senior| $19-25| $25| Source: Taronga Zoo Consumer Survey (ABCDL 2010) Appendix 12: Visitor Customer Satisfaction Levels – 12 month average: Source: Taronga Conservation Society Australia 08-09 Annual Report (Clemenents 2009, Pg. 16. ) Appendix 13: Limitations and Further Re search Requirements The market research into Taronga Zoo was subject to limitations. Time and money were limited which affected the scope of the survey. As a result sample size was unrepresentative of the number of annual visitors at 0. 0125%, and biased toward unmarried, NSW residents without children. In addition, 35% of respondents had not visited Taronga Zoo in the past 5 years and only 5% of respondents were international residents. The market research also did not provide adequate data on international visitors or detailed information on intra/interstate adult couples both of whom represent a key target segments. Further research is recommended for both these key segments to establish both perceptions on price and value, and pricing preferences. The experience of the researchers can affect the quality of the initial research design and subsequent questionnaire so it is important to note that the researchers in this instance are relatively inexperienced. In addition, it was not possible to organise a focus group during the exploratory stage, which would have aided the project, and potentially highlighted other areas for research. Appendix 14: International visitors In 2009, the origin of the top 4 tourism segments to Australia and Sydney were the UK, China, New Zealand and the US. Chinese tourism grew by 28. 5% Origin of international visitors to Sydney 2009 Source: Travel to Sydney Year Ended December 2009, (Tourism NSW 2010, p. 2. ) Inbound travel to Australia, top 10 markets, 2009 Source: Key Facts – Tourism (Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism 2010, p1)) Future forecasts predict China will grow to the largest segment by 2018. Tourism from India is also predicted to increase while Middle Eastern tourists will enter the top 10. This will represent a significant change to Taronga Zoo’s current target segments, and impact consumer needs, concepts of value and reference pricing. Australia’s top 10 inbound markets, ranked by value, 2018 Source:Key Facts – Tourism (Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism 2010, p2) Appendix 15: Taronga Zoo Visitor Numbers Taronga Zoo noted in their 2009 Annual Report, that domestic travel remained buoyant in comparison to international tourism, which lead to greater competition for the domestic market among Sydney attractions (Clements 2009). However according to Tourism NSW, overall travel to Sydney in 2009 was down for both the domestic and international segment (2010 p1 ;2) Domestic Overnight Visitors Source: Travel to Sydney Year End December 2009 (Tourism NSW 2010, p1) International Overnight Visitors Source: Travel to Sydney Year End December 2009 (Tourism NSW 2010, p2) As can be seen visitation to Taronga Zoo (including Western Plains) has remained fairly stagnant since 2002/2003 around the 1. 5-1. 6 million mark. Source: Taronga Conservation Society Australia 08-09 Annual Report (Clemenets 2009, Pg. 6. ) Tourism levels for Sydney have fluctuated in this period while the population of NSW has risen. According to the ABS, since 30 June 2008 the population of NSW has increased by 311,600 people or 4. 7 %,(ABS 2009). This correlates to the small growth seen in visitation numbers from 02/03 to 08/09, which averages at 2% and suggests that any slight changes in visitor numbers to Taronga Zoo have been related to populat ion and tourism changes rather than an increase in repeat visitation or successfully attracting new target segments. Appendix 16: Zoo Friends Pricing Appendix 17: Membership and Awareness of Zoo Friends Program Members| 2%| Non-Members| 98%| Main reasons for becoming a member were: Had a child| 40. 0%| To enjoy the animals| 40. 0%| To support the zoo| 20. 0%| Main reasons for not becoming a member were: Don’t frequent enough| 52. 5%| Not interested| 36. 1%| Other – Didn’t know existed| 4%| Source: Taronga Zoo Consumer Survey (ABCDL 2010) Appendix 18 – Detail 3P’s Implementation Product A new product â€Å"family ticket with 2 adults and 1 child† should be included as part of the product range Taronga Zoo should consider creating unique experiences like ‘Zoo Supper’, A loyalty card scheme with a printed ‘Club card’ and ‘zoo stamps’ needs to be developed to promote repeat visitation. Additional value driven ‘Food stamp’ and ‘next purchase’ discount vouchers will also need to be printed. Place Currently, Taronga distribute via direct sales on-site at the Zoo and over the Internet through ticketek. com. au. Consideration should be given to developing an e-commerce site within the existing Taronga Zoo website to capitalise on sales from their web traffic. Website visitors could be rewarded with controlled temporal pricing reductions. Promotion ABCDL recommend that Taronga Zoo recommendation additional communication of price offers through park signage such as: Free parking with family ticket; 2 x Free kids meals with a family ticket; and (4) 10% discount on the Twilight Walk etc. ABCDL recommend that Taronga Zoo promote these price changes by developing designs on all printed tickets to advertise the new value bundled pricing options. Additional posters, flyers and signage will need to be developed nd displayed around the zoo, particularly the entrance and exit points. Consideration of a take home pack may need to be considered, targeting children. ABCDL recommend communication of the gain of a â€Å"free child† when purchasing a family ticket, collateral, signage and website and should be communicated through other channels including ticketek. To assist in managing the quiet periods at the zoo, advertising material could be de veloped to promote the benefits, including the ‘lack of crowds’ during the off-peak seasons. This messaging may appeal to families wanting to avoid the foot traffic during peak season. The Zoo should be gathering consumer information in order to build a database and communicate via direct mail techniques various offers and bundles as well as the temporal pricing in order to entice repeat visitation. More emphasis should be placed on the Zoo’s unique features such as Zoo-petting activities, and flight shows. The zoo should implement a new communication strategy that bundles and quantify the clear number of product offerings such as Twilight Walks and roar ; snore. Taronga Zoo’s price lists need to change at the zoo and on ticketek. om. au to reflect the new pricing structure. The Zoo should communicate its new prices and clearly communicate the percentage of savings that consumer has made when they purchase pricing at the various display points to encourage a positive gain/loss experience. E. g. Purchase a family ticket (2 adult and 2 child) and you will save the value of one child. The communication messages should promote ‘a FULL day at the zoo ’, emphasising that Taronga Zoo is a much longer experience than its competitors, therefore offering value for money.