Sylvia Plath Poem Analysis Essay Example

Sylvia Plath Poem Analysis Paper Sylvia Plate draws upon her personal experiences to blend a range of powerful emotions, weaving them cleverly throughout her poems. Lady Lazarus and Daddy explore her intimate struggles and how the abandonment and betrayal of masculine figures in her life shaped her views on life and death. Her carefully selected language is crucial in exhibiting her feelings about the oppression of herself as a woman and her demand of dominance over the men around her. The protagonist of Lady Lazarus Is an allegory of Sylvia Plate herself, the suicide attempts in the poem being a reflection of the poets own suicidal tendencies. The title itself is a reference to Lazarus of Betray from the Gospel of John, which suggests a similarity between the narrators resuscitation by Herr Doctor and the resurrection of Lazarus by Jesus; revived without apparent consent. This comparison to God Is repeated in her use of Herr Doctor, Herr Enemy and Herr God/Herr Lucifer linking all these figures as equals, merging their motives and Insinuating their connection as one force of evil in the form of men. This sets up a disparity between males and females. The fight for feminine control is presented powerfully within this same section of the poem, as the narrator claims she WI eat men like air. The use of the word air is effective as it is pronounced very similarly to Herr, German for Mister, used several lines earlier. This suggests that she can and will devour the masculine title of these male figures and with It any dominance of which they hold above her. The use of German words also links in with her allusions to the Holocaust, relevant to ere childhood, set in the midst of World War II. We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath Poem Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath Poem Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath Poem Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Plate declares her skin/Bright as a Nazi lampshade and her face a featureless, flee/Jew linen. This links the subject of the poem to the situation of the Jewish people and implies the oppression and possession of herself in relation to those around her. This repression of which Plate felt In her personal life forms a motive for the several suicide attempts presented In the poem. The use of anaphora, the reiterating of phrases such as l do it so it feels like hell/l do t so it feels real, is reminiscent of her recurrent near death experiences. She states that Dying/ Is an art, like everything else, which signifies that she is performing for the people around her. They bring her back only to speculate her struggles, giving Herr Doctor and The peanut-crunching crowd dominance over her. The repetition of words, however, stresses the importance of her message to the audience and announces that her conviction is growing constantly stronger; she will not yield to those who haul her from her freedom; the freedom of death. The repetition of me and my emphasizes the protagonists independence. These words draw away from the masculine concepts of which she is expressing and remind the reader that the poem Is about her control and Is a statement that men shall not overshadow her Plashs references to the holocaust throughout Daddy resonate strongly with accounts of her strict upbringing by her authoritarian father. The poem addresses the concern of male dominance, forming a link to many of her other poems. Like in Lady Lazarus, Daddy floods the male figureheads from Plashs life with an unflattering light, and again, provides a metaphor between herself and the Jews of the Holocaust. German words are used to strengthen the metaphor linking her father to the Luftwaffe, the Mainframe and the swastika, making him represent the Nazis in her image. The poem establishes communication as one of its main concerns. Although written in English, it is sprinkled with the German words that sometimes mimic her father; ICC, ICC, ICC, ICC, sometimes address him; Ach du, and sometimes describe him; With a Mainframe look. It says that he spoke gobbledygook insinuating that she could not understand him, a lack of communication between father and daughter. Plate then writes; l began to talk like a Jew/ think I may well be a Jew, supporting further the metaphor in which her form is in complete contrast to that of her father. She also establishes that she never could talk as she claims the tongue stuck in my jaw/ It stuck in a barb wire which is reminiscent of being stuck within the fences off concentration camp in which she is confined. The narrator states in the third last stanza that The black telephones off at the root, this time suggesting a more permanent loss of contact of which she herself is the designer, as she finally realizes her wish to cut the link between herself and a man in black. The color black is used many times throughout the poem to describe the father. The black man with his fat black heart who does stand at the blackboard while he confines his only daughter within a black shoe of which she must obey him, barely daring to breathe. Black is he color of death and oppression, and expresses her lust to kill him through the murky dark pool in which she is drowning in her attempts to obey him. Its a stark contrast to the poor and white girl with the pretty red heart, white being the color of innocence and purity while red represents the devotion she still feels for her father despite the resentment she has for his controlling nature. Blue is also used to represent the freakish Atlantic/ Where it pours bean green over blue/in the waters off beautiful Nausea which links with her fathers Aryan eye, bright blue, presenting a beauty and fascination but also a coldness and feeling of detachment, again a reference to his Nazi-likeness. Despite being free verse with no specific rhyming pattern, the poem contains a constant repetition of the 00 sound that conveys the womans frustration and consistently throughout, the you being directed at daddy in an accusing and frustrated tone of the poem. In essence, Plate is recalling how her own father, emotionally repressed himself, passed on his traits to his daughter along with inflicting his arrogant nature and his digressiveness of women upon her.

supre court abortion decisions essays

supre court abortion decisions essays Supreme Court Decisions That Greatly Impacted The Reproduction Rights Of Women When talking about Supreme Court decisions that have greatly impacted the lives of women it is very hard to settle on just five of the many cases that have been ruled in favor of the rights of women. When discussing the topic of reproductive freedom and The Supreme Courts rulings on these matters ten cases can and must be discussed in order to provide a total overview and timeline of these historic rulings. The American Civil Liberties Union has helped women breech the barriers of sexual repression, and has crusaded to help women win these reproductive rights and knowledge over the years since its founding in the repressed 1920s. In the decades following 1920 the ACLU has had an important role in influencing The Supreme Court into handing down decisions that led to the right of contraception, rights to abortion, the right to bear children, and the publication of materials valuable in understanding human sexuality. All of these Supreme Court rulings discussed lead to the valuable sexual and reproductive freedom we are experiencing in todays society. We should be thankful and take a bow to the crusades of womens rights groups such as the ACLU and their influences on The Supreme Court, and thus our daily and social ties to society. The first case I want to discuss involving the reproductive rights of women is Griswold v Connecticut. In this landmark case the Supreme Court struck down a state prohibition against the prescription, sale, or use of contraceptives, even for married couples. In this case , the Court held that the Constitution guarantees a right to privacy when individuals make decisions about intimate, personal matters such as childbearing. In my opinion this case is very important because it gives an option or a choice to a very important issue. Without this right to choose single or married women w...

Communication with My Father Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication with My Father - Essay Example Bound by respect, kindness, and love, our ever-growing communication continuously gives me the motivation to achieve my dreams. My communication with my father has made me understand the value of respect. In our culture, children are expected to love and respect their parents at all times. Children do not answer back whenever being reprimanded, and they obey their parents’ will no matter what. In my case, I have developed respect for my parents not only because of our culture but also because of the way they have treated me with respect. Specifically, my father demonstrated to us, his children, what respect means by listening to us and giving us the freedom to speak up and say what we feel. As a family, we make time to listen to each other by gathering every night to discuss what happened to us during the day. My parents listen to our stories and advise us when we need their advice. By allowing us to express what we feel, my parents show us the importance of listening to peopl e and respecting their feelings. After the family meeting, I spend time with my father whenever I have the time. My father shows me what respect means by listening attentively and looking into my eyes. My communication with my father is also characterized by kindness. I have a feeling that my father favors me over my siblings. Thus, he is often kind and gentle to me than to my brothers and sisters. I feel this is unfair and should be changed so that my siblings will enjoy the same privileges I enjoy. Nevertheless, I am grateful to my father for showing me kindness each day. He has been very supportive of me since I was a child. We spend time doing a lot of things and telling stories. We enjoy each other’s company and often while away time with stories to tell. He is like a best friend to me whom I can count on in times of disappointments. However, unlike a friend who expects something in return, he does not pressure me to comply with his expectations. This is so because I kno w what he wants for me and I usually do what I think would please him. I do not ever want to disappoint him because he is my role model. If I fail to be good, I know that he will be disappointed. Thus, to avoid disappointing him, I study hard and limit the time I spend with my friends. In return, he is very kind to me and supports me in every endeavor. Love is also an important factor in our communication. The love of my father serves as my fountain of gladness. It gives me the motivation to strive hard and succeed in my dream, express hope and compassion towards others, and deal with other people with respect. I can feel the love of my father as he communicates with me. He is always after my benefit. Every time we talked, he inquired about my studies, health, activities, and other personal matters. As a son, I feel secure to have him around asking that way. Other children may find my father’s inquiries limitative of their freedom but I never thought of that. Whenever my fath er inquired about my whereabouts, I tell him everything and keep no secrets. He does the same and shares his problems. This way, we enjoy an open-line communication. However, one problem that I have is how to convince him to quit smoking. It concerns me a lot whenever I see him smoking and coughing at times or struggling for breath. Despite what he is feeling, he never stops smoking and would not like to be reprimanded about it. It hurts me to see him smoking because it could take his life

Project Management #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Project Management #2 - Essay Example These resources also include human resources, and so this would need facilitation of better management of people towards achievement of organisational objectives through the most economically feasible manner (Kyle, 1998). In this assignment, the pros and cons of systems approach in project management will be analysed in the following sections. For the concept of systems approach in project management to be clear, a project may be seen as a sequence of connected activities, which are both complex and unique. All these activities have a single goal to serve the organization. To meet the criteria of project related activities, these must observe a strict timeframe, must satisfy specifications, and must remain within budget. These sequence of activities are dictated by the technical requirements of the specific work, or in the other words, output is measured by the technical requirements and specifications. It is to be remembered that for any specific project, the activity parts are unique in the sense that under the given conditions identical parameters never repeat and they always vary in a random fashion, and project management is all about management and control of these random variables inherent in each piece of activities that constitute a project (Kerzner, 2009). Each project thus differs in purp... enging and it is calculated journey into unknown future; each step is fraught with uncertainty and risk due to invariable variations in one or more parameters, commercial, physical, or administrative angles. There are several types of such projects, and in fact all organizational activities may be placed in such formats. Taking examples from engineering, manufacturing, information technology, or scientific research, it has been observed that all projects enter into a timeline, despite indistinct beginning or end, although several key events mark significant points in the evolution of a project, namely, milestones. The time period spanning between the beginning and end point of any project is known as the life cycle of the project (Lambert and Lambert, 2000). It is very evident that the solutions to the best accomplishments of these projects from all angles are exercise of better controls and the best use of the available corporate resources. This means that most of the solutions lie internally than externally. The systems approach to project management is just another way to achieve the best suitable internal solution, where management principles are being restructured in a special manner and used in different techniques. While into a project, there are unique changes in situations both inside and outside the organization, and project management is one way to respond rapidly to these changes without altering the progress of the project. Clearly, this is a departure from the conventional forms of management strategies where the emphasis is on accomplishing the work (Wysocki, 2007). From common sense, thus, it appears that the process of project management will comprise of certain dynamic steps which include resourcing teams possessing expertise to execute actions

Syrian Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Syrian Civil War - Essay Example The economy of the country is severely impacted as it is facing international isolation. Despite the strong ramifications of the war, both sides are adamant in their position and argue that their position is the right one. The FSA argues that it has a right to a democratic government. The government has not been elected by the people. Moreover, the government has been unable to provide the people with the promised economic and political improvement. The root cause of the uprising is unemployment, dictatorship, and corruption. The FSA point out that the government has been violent in the way that it has tried to curb the uprising. The millions of people who had died are mainly the innocent public. The Assad regime, on the other hand, argues that civil war is not the solution. The FSA has taken up a violent stance in the entire situation. The regime argues that the entire situation could have been approached in a more politically correct manner. The regime has no other option but to strike back. The government has not treated innocent people harshly. It is only the insurgents who had been punished and the government has to take a strong stance against civil war. In the personal-social context, the actions of the FSA can be looked from two perspectives. The actions of the FSA are wrong when considered to be taken for individual advantage but FSA is aiming for the improvement of the society. Even the government argues that it is not attacking FSA for personal reasons but to bring about peace in the region. The government here has a privilege over the people because it has power but then again it is also at a disadvantage because it has been criticized for misusing its power. The privilege of power comes with a disadvantage of becoming

Why Does Gender Pay Inequality Persist?

Why Does Gender Pay Inequality Persist? With the increasing trend of the remarkably importance of the gender pay equality during the past few decades, organisations and many commentators have been paying particular attention to the relative trends, legislations, news, economy and global labour market as a whole to address the persistence of the gender pay inequality occurred nowadays. Pay equity is defined as a particular strategy for reducing or eliminating the wage gap between or among groups such as women and men, or various ethnic groups (Thomas 2006). It was mentioned in the CONSAD Research Corporations paper (2009) that there have been significant increase for women to participate in the labour force, to acquire higher education level and to make substantial real earnings. For instance, Lander ONeill (1991) indicated that Australian women participation rate in the labour force has doubled since 1947. Moreover, it was showed in the Education Internationals report (2010) that the average female graduation rate in high er education in OECD countries is 16 percent more than the male graduation rate. Yet the challenge is that women have been earning less than men all through the developed countries around the world even they are well educated and actively participate in the workforce (Hatt1997). Taking an example in Australia, women earn approximately 80 percent of mens wages (Lander ONeill 1991). The persistence of the gender pay gap is puzzling although the gender pay equity ratio has been steadily rising and a wide range of legislations such as Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action were implemented to address the issue (Smith 2009; Lander ONeill 1991). This paper will briefly demonstrate the historical overview with respect to the topic. It will proceed to identify the comprehensive reasons for the existence of gender pay inequality. It will then illustrate the advantages of having pay equality worldwide. Last but not least, the paper will recommend some of the strategies which or ganisations can best address the challenge by utilising appropriate non-discriminatory workplace practices and policies. Historical Overview The ancient time of keeping women staying and working at home while men were responsible for earning a living had passed after the World War II (Amaram 2010). The participation rate of women joining the labour force has greatly boosted due to the establishment of some legislation to remove obstacles of womens employment and to allow women working in certain kinds of work such as metal industry (ODonnell Hall 1988). The booming economy and labour shortage triggered the fact that women were encouraged to replace men, who were resisting in the war, in the labour market (ODonnell Hall 1988). Campaigns were also formed by many womens organisations to fight for the equal pay between men and women (ODonnell Hall 1988). Some supporters advocate the theory of comparable worth that there should be equal pay for jobs entailing similar skill, effort, responsibility and work conditions, and that this parity should occur regardless of respective job market values (Grider Toombs 1993). However, even there were legislation, theories and womens organisations to protect women from getting unequal pay; the gender wage gap has been existed for many years. To explain this gap, there are a couple of complex reasons which directly and indirectly result in the gender differences in pay. Occupational Segregation One of the primary reasons for the gender pay differences is due to occupational segregation. Men and women are not evenly allocated in all occupational categories. Women tend to be distributed in low-paying industries or occupations which directly affect their average earnings (Smith 2009; Hatt 1997; McAuley 1981; Mumford 1989; Lander ONeill 1991; Education International 2010; Curlew Weber 2010). It was pointed out that women were mainly employed in community services, the wholesale and retail trade, clerical work and catering; whereas men were generally employed in mining, electricity, gas and water, manufacturing as well as construction industries where men are more likely to receive well above average pay (ODonnell Hall 1988; Hatt 1997). The consequence of setting women apart in certain occupations with low-status and low-paid partially results in the gender pay gap. Vertical Segregation Rather than constraining women in particular occupations or industries, vertical segregation occurs in both public and private sectors when women are located in lower positions and men are placed in more senior positions such as executive or managerial roles (Mumford 1989). Women are given very few opportunities to engage in promotion to higher positions, and therefore women are constrained their mobility upwards to the organisational hierarchy and they are under-represented at senior positions in all occupations (Hatt 1997). This phenomenon is closely related to the glass ceiling effects for women that refer to those artificial barriers based on attitudinal or organisational bias that prevent qualified individuals from advancing upward in their organisation into management-level positions (U.S. Department of Labour 1991). Hence, vertical segregation is another factor that leads to the gender pay gap. Family Responsibility As a result of the family obligation to give birth as well as take care of the children and elders at home, there has been a greater percentage for women to participate in more flexible part-time and casual employments than men who tend to have full-time employments (Smith 2009; CONSAD Research Corp 2009; Curlew Weber 2010; Amaram 2010). It was indicated in Amaram (2010)s study that pregnancy leading to the absence of women is 36 percent more than men and married men are more likely to work longer hours to make up the loss of the earnings for the family. Undoubtedly, it was claimed by many reporters that part-time employment pays relatively less than full-time employment, thus the unbalanced participation in part-time works causes women to be classified in lower level of income groups without adequate chances for skill advancement and promotion opportunities (Education International 2010 Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia 2009). Womens Tendency of Education and Work Choices and Patterns The educational paths that men and women decide for their majors in higher education or universities are different, indirectly affect the real earnings between men and women in the workforce (Amaram 2010). Amaram (2010) showed in his paper that men generally prefer sciences as their majors whilst women prefer humanities and education. The assumption is that men and women are likely to choose their desired majors at colleges or universities that can reflect what they are going to choose for their careers in the future, which leads to the conclusion by Hartmann (2004) that the pay of the male-nominated occupations tends to be higher than female-nominated occupations. One of the explanations can be attributed that women tend to choose a safer work environment such as being a secretary, teacher or receptionist and they are willing to accept less-paid jobs (Education International 2010 Farrell 2005). In addition, based on the GAOs report (2003) showing that women normally work fewer hour s and take more breaks away from work than men, women are therefore less work experience and human capital at work that brings about the consequence of earning less income. Historical and Social Stereotypes of Under-Valuating Womens Work and Skills Based on the historical overview mentioned in the first section, up until the Second World War, women were supposed to stay at home for cleaning and bringing up the children while men were taking the main role to be the breadwinner for the whole family (Amaram 2010; Elias Purcell 1988). According to Press (2006), companies advertised for job vacancies in the newspapers listed separately for men and women, as well as womens pay was greatly lower than men. In no doubt, the historical factors generated the hypothesis that womens works are semi-skilled and unskilled (Smith 2009). This hypothesis was supported by Lander ONeill (1991) and Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia (2009) that womens skills and works are always under-valuated and unrecognised, which causes the social stereotypes on the perception of females capability to work in certain occupational categories. In other words, women may earn less than men as a result of their skills and works were devaluated by the commu nity and organisations based on the social stereotypes. Direct Gender Discrimination There are many theorists agreed that direct gender discrimination partly account for the gender wage gap (Curlew Weber 2010; Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia 2009; Hatt 1997 McAuley 1981). It happens when women and men are treated unequally facing the same job requirements with the same educational level and work experience (Education International 2010). Although it is unlawful to discriminate women from being recruited in male-nominated occupations in most of the developed countries, gender discrimination indeed moderately initiates the gender pay differences. It was even reported that gender discrimination and bias comprise half of the gender pay gap (Lander ONeill 1991). Consequently, no matter the organisational and societal sex discrimination is intentional or unintentional, it is clear that gender bias is an essential element of the persistence of wage gap between men and women. Other Reasons Apart from the major factors brought up previously, there are other reasons which should account for the wage gap as well in terms of the problem of the merit-type payment systems, union affiliation, and womens value on non-wage benefits such as health insurance. Firstly, it is important to understand the rise of the individual contracts together with the meaning of less collective bargaining like the decline of trade unions at workplaces (Bamber, Lansbury Wailey 2004). Also, merit-type payment including merit increments and merit bonuses is the most popular individual performance pay plans that are widely used in the USA and many other Western countries today (Shields, 2007). One of the disadvantages of the merit-type payment systems is that it lacks of transparency of the pay structure, hence, it is always up to the managements discretion of any individual performance and pay where there are probably the existence of discriminatory components (Grider Toombs 1993). Secondly, it wa s claimed that the formation of a trade union will bring a wage rate of 17.6 percent up for union members (Hatt 1997, Amaram 2010). With the significant rising trend of women participating in part-time and casual employments stated earlier, it is less possible for women to become union members that they comparatively earn less than men who normally work as full-time employees and are union members. Lastly, research was also done by the CONSAD Research Corporation (2009) that there is a greater probability that women may relatively value more on non-wage benefits and other employee benefits such as childcare, health insurance and advisory services when comparing to men. Accordingly, women may value other aspects of benefits other than wage that may cause the gender wage differences. Advantages of the Existence of Gender Pay Equality Despite the limitations acknowledged which block the way to gender pay equality, there are a series of advantages for individuals, families, organisations and economy as a whole provided that gender pay equity exists. Pay equality increases the empowerment of women and reduces the chances of womens experience to harassment, violence and exploitation at work (Cornish 2008). Additionally, it brings positive effects to the well-being and wealth of the families as a result of the increased income, which ultimately improves the situation of poverty, economy and social justice (Lander ONeill 1991; Education International 2010 Curlew Weber 2010). For the organisations, staff morale and productivity will be increased and absenteeism will be decreased if gender pay equity exists in the workplace because employees feel fairness among others (Curlew Weber 2010). Thus, organisations should proactively take actions to address the problem of the persistence of gender pay inequality in order to benefit itself, employees, community and other stakeholders involved. Organisational Strategies for Tackling the Challenge Although governments intervention of implementing fair pay legislations among male and female employees is indispensable, as Smith (2009) claimed that the legislative reform alone is not enough. Strategic non-discriminatory workplace practices and policies should be carefully planned, designed, implemented and monitored at the organisational level in order to build positive images to the public without violating any relative discriminatory issues, as well as maximise the benefits of balancing the gender pay differences. Therefore, human resource management teams play major roles in making every single decision to align with the organisational strategies. First of all, it is recommended to use objective, systematic and consistent process of job evaluation systems to deal with gender-based inequities in pay (Lander ONeill 1991). De Corte (1993) suggested a model-based approach to job evaluation to calculate the probability to gender bias related to pay at work. Secondly, male and fema le recruiters should be involved in the recruitment and selection stages so that female candidates will not be excluded in a discriminatory way. Thirdly, training and development should be regularly provided to all employees with the intention that women are given chances to promotion in a higher hierarchical level in the organisations. Fourthly, mentoring programs with professional consultants or management should be offered to female employees, who have competent knowledge and capabilities, to encourage them participating in senior positions (Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency 2010). Fifthly, flexible workplace arrangements such as home-based assignments as well as childcare services should also be available to allow female employees having work-life balance (ODonnell Hall 1988). Lastly, organisations should conduct a gender pay audit annually, which provides detailed information regarding the gender pay structure and figures of the whole organisation and the per centage of female employees being promoted to the senior positions (Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency 2010). The strategies proposed above are only few subtle pieces of a complex jigsaw puzzle; beyond doubt organisations should proactively look for other approaches to address the problem of gender pay inequality. Conclusion The condition of gender pay inequality has been steadily improved in the last few decades. However, in reality it does persist due to an array of complex reasons in terms of occupational and vertical segregation, parenthood, womens propensity of education and occupation choices and patterns, historical stereotypes and under-valuation of womens skills and work, direct gender discrimination, the setback of the merit-type payment systems, union affiliation, and different values on wage and non-wage employee benefits between men and women. These factors illustrated are merely the key causes and further research should be done to elaborate the thorough formation of the wage gap. It is clear that the pursuit of gender pay equality brings individuals, families, organisations, community and economy positive effects. Consequently, organisations should better equip themselves and contribute to the attainment of eliminating the gender wage gap. Systematic and appropriate non-discriminatory work place practices and policies should be well implemented to encourage fairness among male and female employees in pay and promotion according to their knowledge, skills and competencies. On account of the increased staff morale and happiness at work, organisations can also build a healthy and positive public image that in turn increasing the organisational attractiveness and competitive advantages in the labour market. In conjunction with the practical support by government, community and unions, it is believed further reduction of the gender wage gap is feasible.

Galileo Gallilei :: essays research papers

Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy. Galileo was the first of seven children of Vincenzio Galilei, a trader and Giula Ammannati, an upper-class woman who married below her class. When Galileo was a young boy, his father moved the family moved to Florence. Galileo moved into a nearby monastery with the intentions of becoming a monk, but he left the monastery when he was 15 because his father disapproved of his son becoming a monk. In November of 1581, Vincenzio Galilei had Galileo enrolled in the University of Pisa School of Medicine because he wanted his son to become a doctor to carry on the family fortune. Vincenzio thought that Galileo should be able to provide for the family when he died, and his sister would need a dowry soon. Galileo had other plans, and in early 1583 he began spending his time with the mathematics professors instead of the medical ones. When his father learned of this, he was furious and traveled 60 miles from Florence to Pisa just to confront his son with the knowledge that he had been "neglecting his studies." The grand duke’s mathematician intervened and persuaded Vincenzio to allow Galileo to study mathematics on the condition that after one year, all of Galileo’s support would be cut off and he was on his own. In the spring of 1585, Galileo skipped his final exams and left the university without a degree. He began finding work as a math tutor. In November of 1589, Galileo found a position as a professor of mathematics at the university of Pisa, the same one he had left without a degree four years before. Galileo was a brilliant teacher, but his radical ways of thinking and open criticism of Aristotle’s teachings were not acceptable to the other professors at the university. They felt that he was too radical and that his teachings were not suitable. In 1592, his three-year contract was not renewed. 1n 1592, he landed a job teaching mathematics at the University of Padua with the help of some aristocratic friends. After his father’s death, Galileo supported many relatives (including his brother Michelangelo and his family) and the sum of money he earned as a professor was not nearly enough. He began to tutor on the side to make extra money, including Prince Cosimo, the son of Grand Duchess Christine of Tuscany, which helped Galileo with some of his financial problems.

Releasing Protected Health Information Essay

When it comes to the handling of patient’s records and them being released, it is not an easy process. It is very important for each patient that opts to have their information released for whatever reason sign a release form stating that they authorize their information being released. There are times in which a patient’s records can be released without having their authorization. In this case, the records can be requested from government agencies, legal agencies or a representative, and a research that may subpoena a medical profession for this information. Every person that becomes a patient in a healthcare facility is protected by something called HIPAA. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) is a federal law passed by Congress that amended â€Å"the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to improve portability and continuity of health insurance coverage in the group and individual markets, to combat waste, fraud, and abuse in health insuran ce and health care delivery, to promote the use of medical savings accounts, to improve access to long-term care services and coverage, to simplify the administration of health insurance, and for other purposes,† according to Essential of Healthcare Management (2011). HIPAA is a set of rules that address the use of privacy and confidentiality of an individual’s health records. Any facility that practices with the care of a patient is subject to the privacy rule of HIPAA. The covered entities would be considered privacy and disclosure of information as protected health information. The covered entity is required to obtain an individual’s authorization prior to disclosing any health information. Every patient when seen by a healthcare professional is made aware of their rights to how they want their medical information to be used. The reason for this is to keep patients information private and protected.  What it does allow is some information to be able to be transferred with the patient from physician to physician so that they the physician can know something about the patient to help them in the best way that they can. There are different circumstances by which agencies or covered entities have the right or legal obligation to access or obtain Patient’s Healthcare Information (PHI). PHI is under the HIPAA that gives the privacy regulation the privacy that should remain between the patient and doctor. Under some circumstances the gove rnment has the right or legal obligation to a patient’s medical records. Any health care data for analysis in support of policy, planning, regulatory or management functions, it is permitted to disclose information to other government agencies for health data systems (according to http://www.ncdhhs.gov/healthit/exchange/NCLaws_alignment.pdf). Any non-covered government entities may only maintain a limited amount of data sets of information. This is so that the identifiers (name, address and Social Security numbers) can be removed before the government agency receives them. When files are usually authorized to the law officials, it may be because the person can be a victim of domestic violence to a government authority, abuse, and neglect. In a case like the patient is informed that their information has been released unless the health facility believes that a serious harm will occur or the person may portray to themselves. Researchers may need to use files without being authorized to do so if they need to find a treatment for the person. Trying to receive the approval from a patient can be time consuming by which can getting a glimpse at the files and starting the job is much easier. I believe that no matter what kind of storage that is placed on medical records, it is secured and should be assessable when needed. Law official/ researchers are able to subpoena records due to research or something. I believe that they should be authorized to obtain records without a patient’s authority depending on the case. I believe that having records subpoena should go by a base-to-base case. I believe that privacy safeguards are adequate to support the law agencies, researchers, and government agencies of having them be able to obtain information about a patient even without their consent. I believe that in the long run, it makes it easier for some of these agencies to be able to do their job without any interruptions and debater. Before starting this class, I did not know as much as I do now. I believe that the HIPAA law  is something that protects patients from their PHI being exposed to the wrong people. It is something that is great that is in place! References Green, M. A., & Bowie, M. J. (2011). Essentials of Health Information Management (2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning. Legal Requirements for Consent to Disclose Patient Information. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.ncdhhs.gov/healthit/exchange/NCLaws_alignment.pdf U.S. Department Health & Human Services. (2013). Retrieved from http://ww

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buy custom Decision Making Models essay Organizational decision making is a process that transpires particularly if value creation for the stakeholders is part of the problem solving solution. There are a series of decisions that are made by manager, some of which including both programmed and non-programmed decisions. Decisions that are developed through the norms, rules and the organizations operating procedures is referred to as programmed decisions while the non-programmed decisions are those that are not managed by any organizational rules, are new and are not structured. In order to solve the organizational problems that occur, managers use their personal intuition and judgment whenever the aim at solving the problems. The efficiency of the organization is increased and its costs reduced through the use of programmed decisions while non-programmed decisions play an important role when it comes to managing and adapting the ever changing environment. There are two broad categories of decision making models. These are the traditional models which illustrate the process of decision making as a rational process while the newer models illustrate decision making as inherently uncertain. The rational model process recommends that there are three stages involved in decision making process. The first step entails the identification of the problem where the environment is analyzed, and the threats and opportunities are recognized. The second step involves the generation of alternatives where opportunities and threats are responded to through the skills analyzed by the managers. The third step in the rational model involves the selection of the best solution by the managers particularly if uncertainty does not exist. The rational model assumption is described as rather unrealistic because managers do not necessarily have the ability of making the right decision and in the process maximize the stakeholders value. The more recent models involve the Carnegie model satisficing where the managers determine evaluation criteria for the solution as well as the limiting the alternative range. The advantages of the procsses involved in this model is that it is less costly and involves less work when compared to the detailed searching that is accompanied by the bounded rationality. The managers are not restricted in this model and their ability to process information is not limited. The Carnegie model on the other hand involves several disadvantages which include the managers not having sufficient information on all possible organizational alternatives that are involved. The dominant coalition also must be approved by the dominant coalition and changes overtime due to a change in the interest rates and in turn influence the change decision making. It is more accurate than the rational model since goals are met by the good solution got by the managers. The second model on the recent categories is the Incrementalist Model. This model suggests that in order to reduce risks, managers are bound to choose actions that are close to the past. The advantage with this model is that it gives managers the avenue of avoiding and correcting mistakes. This is made possible by simply preventing the evaluation of all the alternatives before selecting the appropriate one by the making of an incremental changes sequence. The main disadvantage with this model is that managers can mistakenly choose to use actions that can not bring the expected results. This model is also only suitable for stable environments but its responses turns out to be slower in a dynamic environment and hence results to organizational decline. The third model of the recent categories of organizational decision making process is the unstructured model. This model was developed by Henry Mintzberg and involves making of organizational decisions under very high circumstances of uncertainty. Before the making of a major decision, there is a series of little steps that is followed. The first step involved in this model is the stage of identification where routines for recognition of problems are developed by the managers. The second step in this model is the development stage where problem solving alternatives are developed by the managers. Thee third and the last step in this model is the selection stage. In this stage, the strength of this model is clearly depicted since decisions are made by the manager through the use of intuition, judgment, and formal analysis. The unstructured decision models and is very involving since it requires alternatives of rethinking in the face of obstacles and starting every bit of the process from scratch. The weakness of this model is that the process of making decisions develops in a rather an unpredictable approach. If at all the changing situations are to be responded to, there is great need for the manager to use intuition which generally requires the continuous adaptation. Non-programmed decisions are apparently made by the unstructured model while the programmed decisions happen to be made by the incrementalist model. The most appropriate of the three principal models of the public sector organizational decision making is the Carnegie model. This is because it happens to be less costly and coincidentally involves less work. It also favors the managers as it does not restrict them or limit their ability to process information. This model favors the decisions made under it since it reduces the cases of uncertainty and consequently reduce any chances of failure of the decisions made under it. There is a great possibility of the survival and prosperity of the companies using this model since it promotes the making of the right decisions. It advocates for the learning of new behaviors and doing away with the past and inefficient behaviors thus leads to making of good decisions. Better non-programmed decisions are thus made by the managers through the great assistance by organizational learning. The better understanding of the public sector organizational decision making models and processes is very essential for the success of any organization. Through such understanding organizational effectiveness is enhanced. The organizations that uses the most appropriate of the three principal models gets an upper hand compared to other competitors and hence dominate the market. Buy custom Decision Making Models essay

The Effects of HIV Mutations on the Immune System Essays - HIVAIDS

The Effects of HIV Mutations on the Immune System Essays - HIVAIDS The Effects of HIV Mutations on the Immune System Science C.J. Stimson INTRODUCTION The topic of this paper is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, and whether or not mutations undergone by the virus allow it to survive in the immune system. The cost of treating all persons with AIDS in 1993 in the United States was $7.8 billion, and it is estimated that 20,000 new cases of AIDS are reported every 3 months to the CDC. This question dealing with how HIV survives in the immune system is of critical importance, not only in the search for a cure for the virus and its inevitable syndrome, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), but also so that over 500,000 Americans already infected with the virus could be saved. This is possible because if we know that HIV survives through mutations then we might be able to come up with a type of drug to retard these mutations allowing the immune system time to expunge it before the onset of AIDS. BACKGROUND In order to be able to fully comprehend and analyze this question we must first ascertain what HIV is, how the body attempts to counter the effects of viruses in general, and how HIV infects the body. Definition HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is classified as a RNA Retrovirus. A retrovirus uses RNA templates to produce DNA. For example, within the core of HIV is a double molecule of ribonucleic acid, RNA. When the virus invades a cell, this genetic material is replicated in the form of DNA . But, in order to do so, HIV must first be able to produce a particular enzyme that can construct a DNA molecule using an RNA template. This enzyme, called RNA-directed DNA polymerase, is also referred to as reverse transcriptase because it reverses the normal cellular process of transcription. The DNA molecules produced by reverse transcription are then inserted into the genetic material of the host cell, where they are co-replicated with the host's chromosomes; they are thereby distributed to all daughter cells during subsequent cell divisions. Then in one or more of these daughter cells, the virus produces RNA copies of its genetic material. These new HIV clones become covered with protein coats and leave the cell to find other host cells where they can repeat the life cycle. The Body Fights Back As viruses begin to invade the body, a few are consumed by macrophages, which seize their antigens and display them on their own surfaces. Among millions of helper T cells circulating in the bloodstream, a select few are programmed to read that antigen. Binding the macrophage, the T cell becomes activated. Once activated, helper T cells begin to multiply. They then stimulate the multiplication of those few killer T cells and B cells that are sensitive to the invading viruses. As the number of B cells increases, helper T cells signal them to start producing antibodies. Meanwhile, some of the viruses have entered cells of the body - the only place they are able to replicate. Killer T cells will sacrifice these cells by chemically puncturing their membranes, letting the contents spill out, thus disrupting the viral replication cycle. Antibodies then neutralize the viruses by binding directly to their surfaces, preventing them from attacking other cells. Additionally, they precipitate chemical reactions that actually destroy the infected cells. As the infection is contained, suppresser T cells halt the entire range of immune responses, preventing them from spiraling out of control. Memory T and B cells are left in the blood and lymphatic system, ready to move quickly should the same virus once again invade the body. HIVs Life Cycle In the initial stage of HIV infection, the virus colonizes helper T cells, specifically CD4+ cells, and macrophages, while replicating itself relatively unnoticed. As the amount of the virus soars, the number of helper cells falls; macrophages die as well. The infected T cells perish as thousands of new viral particles erupt from the cell membrane. Soon, though, cytotoxic T and B lymphocytes kill many virus-infected cells and viral particles. These effects limit viral growth and allow the body an opportunity to temporarily restore its supply of helper cells to almost normal concentrations. It is at this time the virus enters its second stage. Throughout this second phase the immune system functions well, and the net concentration of measurable virus remains relatively low. But after a period of time, the viral level rises gradually, in parallel with a decline in the helper population. These helper T and

Cultural Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cultural Diversity - Research Paper Example Cultural Diversity Racism eats the thread of society and it threatens to destabilize the stability of a society. Cultural diversity is one of the ways to address the need for education regarding prejudice among races. I believe that cultural diversity is one of the ways in which a society can be a success, especially in times where globalization is the trend. True, in our culturally diverse society, acceptance is easier compared to times before. Cultural diversity is here to stay. However, prejudice is hard to shake off. There are times though that even if the people are liberated and sophisticated enough, prejudice still kicks in. It may be a thoughtless remark or something not offending. It may even go unnoticed but then in one way or another, it makes an impact to the person being spoken to. This usually happens in schools where a child’s learning abilities are almost always being classified according to his race and this is probably the biggest racial concern in the commun ity. According to Cohen (1998) â€Å"Members of a society can work together because they tend to share assumptions and have learned to focus on the same limited portion of a reality that would otherwise be too complex to comprehend or even conceive† which basically means that people tend to stick with people with their own cultures because they share the same similarities. Cohen also made it a point to say that the assumptions that the people have are learned, and it is like culture, it is taught by elders and other people around them. This means that an African American can actually fit in a Caucasian setup, if he was brought up with the Caucasian culture. Alexandria, VA has a diverse population. All races are represented and color is a part of life in this place. Growing up, I never really put an importance to race and color because it was so trivial. Seeing people from other races always seemed normal and this did not put any tinge of racial consciousness in me. Although t he Caucasians are often outnumbering the other races (US Census Bureau), it is not very significant as to affect my beliefs in race and color as a child growing up. Since our community is a diverse one, all races and colors are treated the same way. I am an African American. As a kid, my family always made it sure that I never felt different than others. In school, I was never bullied for my race of color. Maybe because there were many kids in there that are my race, or perhaps there are just many kids that are like me: they just do not care about one’s cultural background or race. I believe other people are just like me as well. There were a lot of immigrants in school, or if they are not immigrants, children of immigrants. There are a lot of African Americans in there, that’s probably why I never felt any different from the other children in school. We had almost the same experiences as with Latinos and Asians among Caucasians. Nevertheless, our parents, teachers and other older people made sure that there were no racial divides. They saw to it that each of us were treated in the same way and we were not looked upon by race/color. There are a lot of African Americans in our community. The mayor in Alexandria, VA is actually African American. Also, there are a lot of groups that support us. They look out for news and for events that can promote our distinct culture in the society, they look out for our people and we help each other. They are like me: we have the same color, same hair, same priorities and observations. We understand each other therefore we lookout for each other. The society treats us well, that’

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS - Assignment Example Another part of the paper presents the qualitative interpretation of the quantitative results. That is, the interpretation of the company’s ratio results and their significance. Lastly, a summary of the company’s financial position as reflected by the analysis has been produced together with a suitable plan of action. The overview of Procter and Gamble The company, based in the United States, is focused in manufacturing branded consumer products. The company’s main objective is the provision of products and services that are of high quality and value to help improve the well-being of both current and future generations. The company’s mission is formulated based on two objectives. That is, the profit maximization and shareholder wealth creation. The company has a widespread market covering more than 180 countries across the world. The company reaches the customer through the establishment of various outlets such as grocery stores, Merchandisers, drug stores , membership club stores and the neighborhood stores. Currently, the company’s financial performance is still below the investor’s expectations. ... analysis, the following tools have been selected: profitability measures, asset turnover, the inventory turnover, debtor’s collection period, creditor’s collection period, liquidity measures, the analysis of ROE drivers, Common size analysis, the growth analysis, and industrial analysis. The profitability ratio shows the performance of a firm regarding its ability to generate income from the investments. The efficiency ratio indicates the ease with which a firm utilizes its resources in order to generate revenue. The liquidity ratio would indicate the ability of a firm to meet its short-term needs. The common size present the expression of financial statement items as a percentage of another key item. In other words, the expression of all the balance sheet items as a percentage of the total assets. DuPont analysis presents the relationship between ROE drivers. The analysis is used to identify the level of performance of particular processes in a company. A companyâ€⠄¢s growth analysis is the percentage change of financial items based on a base period. Finally, the peer analysis is the comparison between the industrial average performance and the performance of a company [All the mathematical proofs are in the excel file] (Beyer 88-156). Summary of the quantitative analysis The balance sheet analysis – the total current assets decreased in the year 2009 as compared to the figure in the year 2008. The figure decreased by $ 2,610,000. The decrease can be attributed to the decrease in the value of account receivables in that year. Secondly, the decrease could be because of the reduced amount of work in progress. Thirdly, the decreased amount of finished goods also led to the decrease in the level of current assets. The shareholder’s equity decrease in the year by $